Seeing nothing happening: Moments of absence as perceptual events

幻觉 沉默 没有什么 感知 心理学 发生 刺激(心理学) 视错觉 隐约出现 认知心理学 时间知觉 事件(粒子物理) 沟通 社会心理学 美学 哲学 历史 物理 认识论 艺术史 量子力学 神经科学 表演艺术
作者
Rui Zhe Goh,Ian Phillips,Chaz Firestone
出处
期刊:Journal of Vision [Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology]
卷期号:22 (14): 3574-3574 被引量:4
标识
DOI:10.1167/jov.22.14.3574
摘要

Event representations canonically arise when something is doing something, such as a ball bouncing or a clock chiming. But does perception represent eventhood even when nothing is happening, as in a break in the rain or a moment of silence? Here, by leveraging the fact that event representations distort experienced duration, we demonstrate that perception constructs positive and differentiated representations of absence. Experiment 1 exploited the recent discovery that a single continuous event is perceived as longer than two discrete events having the same objective duration (the “one-is-more illusion”; Yousif & Scholl, 2019). Instead of events with actual objects, our observers viewed periods of absence, during which an eye-catching object (e.g., a drifting UFO) briefly vanished, before reappearing. Remarkably, observers judged a single continuous absence as longer than two discrete absences separated by a brief reappearance — demonstrating that this illusion occurs with absences as well as presences. Experiment 2 generalized this finding to audition. Observers were immersed in ambient noise (e.g., a busy restaurant) and occasionally heard periods of silence. Again, one continuous silence was heard as longer than two equivalent silences. Finally, we asked: Do experiences of absence have a common, purely negative character, or can they be positively represented as *different* from one another? Experiment 3 explored this question by adapting the “oddball illusion”, where a stimulus that breaks a sequence (e.g., a looming circle after several non-looming circles) is seen as longer (Tse et al., 2004). In our study, observers viewed several “standard absences”, wherein one of two circles disappeared for a fixed duration, followed by an “oddball absence”, wherein the other circle disappeared for a variable duration. Observers judged oddball absences as longer than standards, suggesting that oddball absences were perceived differently from standard absences. Thus, moments of absence elicit differentiated, perceptual event representations.

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