Concomitant Prediction of the Ki67 and PIT-1 Expression in Pituitary Adenoma Using Different Radiomics Models

To preoperatively predict the high expression of Ki67 and positive pituitary transcription factor 1 (PIT-1) simultaneously in pituitary adenoma (PA) using three different radiomics models. A total of 247 patients with PA (training set: n = 198; test set: n = 49) were included in this retrospective study. The imaging features were extracted from preoperative contrast-enhanced T1WI (T1CE), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Feature selection was performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The classic machine learning (CML), deep learning (DL), and deep learning radiomics (DLR) models were constructed using logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) algorithms. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated for the training and test sets. In addition, combined with clinical characteristics, the best CML and the best DL models (SVM classifier), the DL radiomics nomogram (DLRN) was constructed to aid clinical decision-making. Seven CML features, 96 DL features, and 107 DLR features were selected to construct CML, DL and DLR models. Compared to CML and DL model, the DLR model had the best performance. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, NPV and PPV were 0.827, 0.792, 0.800, 0.796, 0.800 and 0.792 in the test set, respectively. Compared with CML and DL models, the DLR model shows the best performance in predicting the Ki67 and PIT-1 expression in PAs simultaneously.