A software tool for fabricating phantoms mimicking human tissues with designated dielectric properties and frequency

Abstract Objectives Dielectric materials play a crucial role in assessing and refining the measurement performance of dielectric properties for specific tasks. The availability of viable and standardized dielectric materials could greatly enhance medical applications related to dielectric properties. However, obtaining reliable phantoms with designated dielectric properties across a specified frequency range remains challenging. In this study, we propose software to easily determine the components of dielectric materials in the frequency range of 16 MHz to 3 GHz. Methods A total of 184 phantoms were fabricated and measured using open-ended coaxial probe method. The relationship among dielectric properties, frequency, and the components of dielectric materials was fitted through feedforward neural networks. Software was developed to quickly calculate the composition of dielectric materials. Results We performed validation experiments including blood, muscle, skin, and lung tissue phantoms at 128 MHz, 298 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.45 GHz. Compared with literature values, the relative errors of dielectric properties are less than 15 %. Conclusions This study establishes a reliable method for fabricating dielectric materials with designated dielectric properties and frequency through the development of the software. This research holds significant importance in enhancing medical research and applications that rely on tissue simulation using dielectric phantoms.