Over the past two decades, the landscape of dementia research has changed drastically due to advances in knowledge at the molecular, cellular, animal, and human levels. Advances have not been limited to the Alzheimer's disease spectrum but include improved understanding of other disorders that can also lead to dementia. In this Anniversary Round-up, I discuss what I consider to be the most important advances in Alzheimer's disease research that have occurred since the first publication of The Lancet Neurology 20 years ago.