坡缕石
吸附
埃洛石
粘土矿物
蒙脱石
海泡石
高岭石
材料科学
膨润土
化学工程
化学
复合材料
矿物学
有机化学
冶金
原材料
工程类
作者
Tingting Zhang,Wei Wang,Yunliang Zhao,Haoyu Bai,Tong Wen,Shichang Kang,Guangsen Song,Shaoxian Song,Sridhar Komarneni
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2020.127574
摘要
Natural and synthetic clays have been used as adsorbents for removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution for many decades. In the last decade, exfoliating the natural clays to low dimensional nanosheets or nanotubes for preparation of multifunctional clay-based adsorbents has attracted considerable attention. In this review, we have summarized the removal of heavy metals and dyes by clay-based adsorbents, from natural clays to 1D clay nanotubes and 2D clay nanosheets. Firstly, the structural and adsorption performance of various natural clays (montmorillonite/bentonite/smectite, kaolinite, illite, sepiolite, palygorskite/attapulgite, halloysite) are presented. Then the adsorption of dyes and heavy metals onto modified clays including thermally treated clays, acid-washed clays, inorganic pillared clays and organic modified clays are discussed. Next, we have introduced the novel nano-clay based adsorbents with low dimensional morphologies (2D nanosheets, 1D nanotubes, 1D nanorods and clay-supported nanoparticles). The clay adsorbents with exfoliated nanosheets or nanotubes show dramatically improved performance because of the fully exposed reactive sites and very high specific surface area. More importantly, the nanosheets and nanotubes can be readily composited with coupling agents or functional polymers to prepare multifunctional adsorbents. In addition, the adsorption behaviors of clay-based adsorbents along with factors affecting adsorption, adsorption mechanisms and regeneration of adsorbents have been discussed. Inspired by the natural and modified clays, future suggestions in designing novel adsorbents for various applications have also been suggested.
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