Boar spermatozoa proteomic profile varies in sperm collected during the summer and winter

Boar sperm quality is less during the summer as a result of the different photoperiod or ambient temperatures as compared with the winter. The present study was conducted to elucidate possible variations in proteomic profiles of boar spermatozoa collected during the summer and winter. Effects of season on sperm viability, total motility, progressive motility, acrosome status, mitochondrial membrane potential and plasma membrane lipid organization were also analyzed. Only sperm viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were less during the summer (P < 0.05). Spermatozoa were processed and evaluated using the nano LC–MS/MS QTof procedures. A total of 1028 characterized proteins were identified in sperm collected during both seasons of the year (False Discovery Rate < 0.01) and, among the total, 85 proteins differed in sperm collected in the winter and summer, with there being a lesser abundance of these proteins when there were ejaculate collections during the summer (q-value ≤ 0.05). The results from enrichment assessments for these protein networks utilizing UniProtKB procedures for determining reproductive processes indicates there were 23 proteins that were less abundant in the summer than winter. These proteins have essential functions in spermatogenesis, sperm motility, acrosome reaction and fertilization. These results are the first where there was ascertaining of proteomic differences in boar spermatozoa collected in the summer and winter. These results might help to explain the decreased sperm quality and prolificity when semen of boars is used for artificial insemination that is collected during the season of the year when ambient temperatures are relatively greater.