Lavanya Kondapalli,Theresa Medina,Daniel W. Groves
出处
期刊:European Journal of Echocardiography [Oxford University Press] 日期:2020-11-25卷期号:22 (4): 372-374被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1093/ehjci/jeaa340
摘要
Abstract Immuno-oncology employs various therapeutic strategies that harness a patient’s own immune system to fight disease and has been a promising new strategy for cancer therapy over the last decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), are monoclonal antibodies, that increase antitumor immunity by blocking intrinsic down-regulators of immunity, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Seven ICIs are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and have increased the overall survival for patients with various cancer subtypes. These are used either as single agents or in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors, small molecular kinase inhibitors or cytotoxic chemotherapies. There are also many other immune modifying agents including other checkpoint inhibitor antibodies that are under investigation in clinical trials.