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Everyday temptations: An experience sampling study of desire, conflict, and self-control.

心理学 情境伦理学 社会心理学 人格 经验抽样法 抗性(生态学) 人际交往 日常生活 权利(公平分配) 五大性格特征 生态学 数学 数理经济学 政治学 法学 生物
作者
Wilhelm Hofmann,Roy F. Baumeister,Georg Förster,Kathleen D. Vohs
出处
期刊:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology [American Psychological Association]
卷期号:102 (6): 1318-1335 被引量:866
标识
DOI:10.1037/a0026545
摘要

How often and how strongly do people experience desires, to what extent do their desires conflict with other goals, and how often and successfully do people exercise self-control to resist their desires? To investigate desire and attempts to control desire in everyday life, we conducted a large-scale experience sampling study based on a conceptual framework integrating desire strength, conflict, resistance (use of self-control), and behavior enactment. A sample of 205 adults wore beepers for a week. They furnished 7,827 reports of desire episodes and completed personality measures of behavioral inhibition system/behavior activation system (BIS/BAS) sensitivity, trait self-control, perfectionism, and narcissistic entitlement. Results suggest that desires are frequent, variable in intensity, and largely unproblematic. Those urges that do conflict with other goals tend to elicit resistance, with uneven success. Desire strength, conflict, resistance, and self-regulatory success were moderated in multiple ways by personality variables as well as by situational and interpersonal factors such as alcohol consumption, the mere presence of others, and the presence of others who already had enacted the desire in question. Whereas personality generally had a stronger impact on the dimensions of desire that emerged early in its course (desire strength and conflict), situational factors showed relatively more influence on components later in the process (resistance and behavior enactment). In total, these findings offer a novel and detailed perspective on the nature of everyday desires and associated self-regulatory successes and failures.
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