生物标志物发现
计算生物学
表观遗传学
生物标志物
生物
个性化医疗
基因组学
癌症
癌症生物标志物
疾病
蛋白质组学
基因组
生物信息学
遗传学
医学
基因
病理
作者
Katrin Mäbert,Anna Dubrovska,Claudia Peitzsch,Ina Kurth,Serhiy Souchelnytskyi,Anna Dubrovska
标识
DOI:10.3109/09553002.2014.892229
摘要
Purpose: Cancer is a multigene disease which arises as a result of mutational and epigenetic changes coupled with activation of complex signaling networks. The use of biomarkers for early cancer detection, staging and individualization of therapy might improve patient care. A few fundamental issues such as tumor heterogeneity, a highly dynamic nature of the intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of radio- and chemoresistance, along with the plasticity and diversity of cancer stem cells (CSC) make biomarker development a challenging task. In this review we outline the preclinical strategies of cancer biomarker discovery including genomic, proteomic, metabolomic and microRNomic profiling, comparative genome hybridization (CGH), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, high throughput screening (HTS) and next generation sequencing (NGS). Other promising approaches such as assessment of circulating tumor cells (CTC), analysis of CSC-specific markers and cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are also discussed.Conclusions: The emergence of powerful proteomic and genomic technologies in conjunction with advanced bioinformatic tools allows the simultaneous analysis of thousands of biological molecules. These techniques yield the discovery of new tumor signatures, which are sensitive and specific enough for early cancer detection, for monitoring disease progression and for proper treatment selection, paving the way to individualized cancer treatment.
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