Pseudo-Meigs’ Syndrome Caused by a Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A New Clinical Condition

<i>Introduction:</i> Pseudo-Meigs’ syndrome is a rare condition characterized by female genital cancer, ascites, hydrothorax and tumors other than benign ovarian tumors. <i>Case report:</i> A 30-year-old woman arrived at our clinic with pelvic pain and dyspnea. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy for a large pelvic mass complicated by ascites and hydrothorax. Cytological examination of the effusions was negative for malignant cells. Histological analysis of the tumor mass revealed a uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcoma. After surgery, we observed resolution of the effusions. <i>Conclusion:</i> Uterine leiomyosarcoma and pseudo-Meigs’ syndrome are two rare entities. To our knowledge, there are no similar reports in the literature, and therefore we present this new clinical condition due to its high scientific evidence.