Physicochemical Studies on Using Chitosan to meliorate the harmful of Nicotine, Tar and Heavy Metals as well as Microbial contents in Tobacco Industry

Chitosan nanoparticles used potential as antibacterial activity or anticancer activity. Chitosan used in a lot of fields such as tissue engineering, nerve and bone tissue, water engineering, biomedical, pharmaceutical materials, food chemistry and biotechnology. When looking to the risks of cigarette and tobacco smoking and the extent of its effect on the heart and lungs, and the high risk of developing cancer. In this study we can use chitosan to manufacture cigarette filter to reduce the risks of nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide and heavy metals from smoking. Make a chemical treatments on crayfish shells Procambarus clarkii to obtain chitosan powder and analysed using infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. Use chitosan to manufacture filter rods and cigarettes then testing by chemical and physical experiments through using smoking machine, gas chromatography and ICP-OES. Conducting some experiments on molasses by adding different concentrations of chitosan to reduce the percentage of nicotine, increase its storage period and eliminate rotting problems in it while storage through chemical and microbiological tests. It was found that the weight of the filter rods containing chitosan was reduced compared to those that in treatment in which content of acetic acid concentrations of them. Also positive for nicotine, tar and heavy metals, and we found that in treatment in which chitosan was used with a concentration of 10 %, the proportion of nicotine in the molasses decreased by the amount of text compared to the rest of the prepared treatments and it was 0.24 %. Also the microbial content decreased in the same treatment which was 7.8 x 104 cfu/g, and thus the molasses rot will slow down. Chitosan is not a synthetic or manufactured substance, so can be used as a basic preservative instead of chemical and expensive preservatives, due to the ease of its preparation and according to international specifications.