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Cluster Sun Exposure and Quercetin in Pinot noir Grapes and Wine

葡萄酒 化学 浆果 槲皮素 花青素 咖啡酸 黄酮醇 食品科学 葡萄园 儿茶素 植物 酒石酸 园艺 多酚 生物 生物化学 柠檬酸 抗氧化剂
作者
Steven F. Price,Patrick J. Breen,Marilin Valladao,Barney Watson
出处
期刊:American Journal of Enology and Viticulture [American Society for Enology and Viticulture]
卷期号:46 (2): 187-194 被引量:398
标识
DOI:10.5344/ajev.1995.46.2.187
摘要

Anthocyanin and flavonol content of disks of sun-exposed Pinot noir (Vitis vinifera L.) berry skin were compared to disks from shaded berries from the same clusters. Anthocyanin content was not affected by sun exposure, but quercetin glycoside concentration of sun-exposed disks was 1.46 µg mm-2 for the sun-exposed disks compared to 0.14 µg mm-2 for the shaded. Wines were made from Pinot noir clusters from a single vineyard block from three different sun exposure levels: shaded, moderately exposed and highly exposed. The concentration of quercetin glycosides in wine was 4.5, 14.8, and 33.7 mg L-1 in the shaded, moderate and highly exposed treatments, respectively. The level of quercetin aglycone also increased with sun exposure. Cluster sun exposure appears to be the primary factor determining quercetin levels in grapes and wine. Wines from highly and moderately exposed cluster positions had higher total anthocyanin levels than those from shaded clusters, but wines from highly exposed clusters had 40% greater polymeric anthocyanins than the other two treatments. Caftaric acid, catechin, and epicatechin concentrations in wine were inversely related to cluster sun exposure. The low levels of caftaric acid in wines from sun-exposed clusters appeared to be related to hydrolysis of the tartaric ester, with wines from highly sun-exposed clusters having 50% more caffeic acid than moderate and 130% more than shaded clusters. Caffeic acid was not present in fruit samples. It is possible that the increase in polymeric anthocyanins in wines from sun-exposed clusters is directly related to quercetin levels. High wine quercetin levels may increase the rate of polymerization with potential stability and quality implications.

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