医学
骨关节炎
病理生理学
循环系统
软骨下骨
成骨细胞
软骨
病理
静脉淤血
骨重建
缺氧(环境)
内科学
解剖
心脏病学
关节软骨
生物
氧气
替代医学
体外
化学
有机化学
生物化学
作者
Roy K. Aaron,Jennifer Racine,Jonathan P. Dyke
标识
DOI:10.1007/s11926-017-0660-x
摘要
This review describes the contributions of abnormal bone circulation to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Combining dynamic imaging with MRI and PET with previous observations reveals that venous stasis and a venous outlet syndrome is most likely the key circulatory pathology associated with the initiation or progression of osteoarthritis. MRI and PET have revealed that venous outflow obstruction results in physicochemical changes in subchondral bone to which osteoblasts are responsive. The osteoblasts express an altered pattern of cytokines, many of which can serve as structural or signaling molecules contributing to both bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration. The patterns of circulatory changes are associated with alterations in the physicochemical environment of subchondral bone, including hypoxia. Osteoblast cytokines can transit the subchondral bone plate and calcified cartilage and communicate with chondrocytes.
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