三阴性乳腺癌
医学
免疫疗法
疾病
肿瘤科
乳腺癌
大规模并行测序
靶向治疗
化疗
内科学
雄激素受体
免疫检查点
癌症
癌症研究
生物信息学
基因
DNA测序
生物
前列腺癌
遗传学
作者
Giampaolo Bianchini,Justin M. Balko,Ingrid A. Mayer,Melinda E. Sanders,Luca Gianni
标识
DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.66
摘要
Chemotherapy is the primary established systemic treatment for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in both the early and advanced-stages of the disease. The lack of targeted therapies and the poor prognosis of patients with TNBC have fostered a major effort to discover actionable molecular targets to treat patients with these tumours. Massively parallel sequencing and other 'omics' technologies have revealed an unexpected level of heterogeneity of TNBCs and have led to the identification of potentially actionable molecular features in some TNBCs, such as germline BRCA1/2 mutations or 'BRCAness', the presence of the androgen receptor, and several rare genomic alterations. Whether these alterations are molecular 'drivers', however, has not been clearly established. A subgroup of TNBCs shows a high degree of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes that also correlates with a lower risk of disease relapse and a higher likelihood of benefit from chemotherapy. Proof-of-principle studies with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in advanced-stage TNBC have yielded promising results, indicating the potential benefit of immunotherapy for patients with TNBC. In this Review, we discuss the most relevant molecular findings in TNBC from the past decade and the most promising therapeutic opportunities derived from these data.
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