Mechanically Tunable Transmittance Convection Shield for Dynamic Radiative Cooling

Radiative cooling is the process to dissipate heat to the outer space through an atmospheric window (8–13 μm), which has great potential for energy savings in buildings. However, the traditional "static" spectral characteristics of radiative cooling materials may result in overcooling during the cold season or at night, necessitating the development of dynamic spectral radiative cooling for enhanced energy saving potential. In this study, we showcase the realization of dynamic radiative cooling by modulating the heat transfer process using a tunable transmittance convection shield (TTCS). The transmittance of the TTCS in both solar spectrum and atmospheric window can be dynamically adjusted within ranges of 28.8–72.9 and 27.0–80.5%, with modulation capabilities of ΔTsolar = 44.1% and ΔT8–13 μm = 53.5%, respectively. Field measurements demonstrate that through the modulation, the steady-state temperature of the TTCS architecture is 0.3 °C lower than that of a traditional radiative cooling architecture during the daytime and 3.3 °C higher at nighttime, indicating that the modulation strategy can effectively address the overcooling issue, offering an efficient way of energy saving through dynamic radiative cooling.