Hydrogen storage properties of magnesium based alloys Mg67Ni(32-x)Nb1Alx (x = 1, 3, and 5) by using response surface methodology

Abstract Nano metals and hydrogen storage have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their numerous unique properties and wide range of applications. This study explores the synthesis of nanostructured Al and Nb-substituted Mg 2 Ni intermetallic compounds through high-energy ball milling and investigates their electrochemical performance for energy-related applications. The research emphasizes the critical influence of crystallinity and crystallite size on electrode material performance. Employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the study identifies key factors affecting discharge capacity. Notably, current density emerges as the most significant factor, contributing 73% to discharge capacity, as confirmed by perturbation plots. Interaction effects among the factors were found to be relatively insignificant concerning the chemical kinetics of the electrode material. Furthermore, a second-order polynomial equation was developed through RSM to quantitatively relate discharge capacity to composition, milling time, and current density, with a high R 2 value of 98.3%. To optimize discharge capacity, a fuzzy parameter setting was generated based on the mathematical model, resulting in a predicted discharge capacity of 398.209 mAh g −1 , closely aligned with actual experimental results (394.203 mAh g −1 ). This work showcases the significance of advanced statistical techniques in elucidating the intricate relationships governing electrochemical performance, particularly in the context of nanocrystalline materials.