The role and challenges of regulating endometrial microbiome in uterine health and diseases

The uterine environment provides necessary conditions for the existence of endometrial microbiota, which in turn plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the uterine environment. The endometrial microbiome is highly susceptible to external factors such as age, hormones, menstrual, pregnancy, etc. When the microbiota is imbalanced, it will further promote the occurrence of uterine diseases such as endometritis and endometrial cancer. Regulating the microbiome of the endometrium is of positive significance for promoting uterine health. Among them, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and microbial transplantation may be important pathways for regulating endometrial microbiota in the future. However, there is currently no unified plan for evaluating the endometrial microbiota. In addition, due to the small sample size, it is easy to be contaminated by exogenous bacterial DNA, which poses great challenges for studying the mechanism of microbial community regulating uterine health. Therefore, there are still many areas worth exploring for the future of endometrial microbiome.