Synthesis of Silica nanoparticles and their application of Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy- a review

Due to their tailorable morphology, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have recently attracted widespread attention because they can be used in many emerging areas. Over the past decade, important work has been done on novel processing methodologies to prepare SNPs, which have resulted in better control over the size, shape, porosity, and notable improvements in their physio-chemical properties. Microemulsions are a simple and widely used method of preparing silica nanoparticles. The method, however, still has several flaws, such as the inability to produce the expected silica nanoparticles even under carefully designed synthesis conditions. In order to effectively use silica nanoparticles (SNs) in catalyst, adsorption, polymer filler, optical devices, bio-imaging, drug delivery, and biomedical applications, it is becoming more and more crucial to have good control over their morphology, particle size, uniformity, and dispersity. It is therefore desirable to monitor the synthesis process in real time to unravel the mechanisms behind the formation of silica nanoparticles and to promote their controllable synthesis. It has always been a hot topic in nano science to apply microemulsions using different types of surfactants to inorganic nanomaterials. Despite this, very few studies have been performed on polymer-based microemulsions based on different ionic surfactants and their relative dielectric spectroscopy (DS). This review examines various synthesis techniques for producing well-dispersed SNs and hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNs) with adjustable dimensions ranging from a few to hundreds of nanometers of various mesostructures.