Type I Collagen‐Adhesive and ROS‐Scavenging Nanoreactors Enhanced Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in an Experimental Optic Nerve Crush Model

Abstract Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a severe condition characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, often leading to irreversible vision loss, and the death of RGCs is closely associated with oxidative stress. Unfortunately, effective treatment options for TON are lacking. To address this, catalase (CAT) is encapsulated in a tannic acid (TA)/poly(ethylenimine)‐crosslinked hollow nanoreactor (CAT@PTP), which exhibited enhanced anchoring in the retina due to TA–collagen adhesion. The antioxidative activity of both CAT and TA synergistically eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) to save RGCs in the retina, thereby treating TON. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the nanoreactors preserve the enzymatic activity of CAT and exhibit high adhesion to type I collagen. The combination of CAT and TA‐based nanoreactors enhanced ROS elimination while maintaining high biocompatibility. In an optic nerve crush rat model, CAT@PTP is effectively anchored to the retina via TA–collagen adhesion after a single vitreous injection, and RGCs are significantly preserved without adverse events. CAT@PTP exhibited a protective effect on retinal function. Given the abundance of collagen that exists in ocular tissues, these findings may contribute to the further application of this multifunctional nanoreactor in ocular diseases to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects.