Uncertainty analysis for forest height inversion using L / P band PolInSAR datasets and RVoG model over kryclan forest site

Forest height, as a measure of the quantity and quality of forest resources, plays a significant role in the study of the ecological functions performed by forests. Although the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PolInSAR) technique has evolved as a potent method for forest height inversion, uncertainties still exist in the process of estimating forest height, and the uncertainties in predicted forest height directly lead into the uncertainty of terrestrial carbon stock calculation results. In this study, we took the Random Volume over Ground (RVoG) model as likelihood function and constructed a hierarchical Bayesian framework to calculate and reduce the uncertainty of forest height inversion using L / P band PolInSAR airborne data via RVoG model. Uncertainties resulted from five canopy types and three forest densities were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that among the five different canopy types, L band has the highest prediction accuracy in pure coniferous canopy with Acc. = 0.90. The uncertainty is extremely low for pure forest, with the ratio of uncertainty values of 0.09 for L band and 0.15 for the P band in pure coniferous canopy, and uncertainty values of 0.16 for L band and 0.11 for P band in pure broadleaf canopy, respectively. Furthermore, when the forest density is between 300 and 600 stems/ha, the ratio of uncertainties for the L band is 0.27, whereas the P band is 0.24. As forest density increases, the uncertainty in forest height estimates decreases for both bands. The changes in canopy types and forest density affect forest height estimation uncertainties obviously, the effects are different at each frequency. The forest height inversion accuracy of the L band in pure coniferous canopy surpasses that in other canopy types, with the lowest uncertainty. P band performed well in broadleaf canopy forest height inversion. The inversion uncertainties at both frequencies decrease with increase of forest densities.