Impact of non-uniform heat flux conditions on convective heat transfer and energy efficiency in a corrugated tube

Many contemporary studies often overlook the reality of non-uniform heat generation in various modern heating devices by presuming uniform heat distribution, emphasizing the need for advancements in heat transfer methods. For this purpose, convective heat transfer through a two-dimensional corrugated tube was computationally analyzed for laminar flow region under different heating conditions. Uniform Heat Flux (UHF), Linearly Increasing Heat Flux (LIHF), Linearly Decreasing Heat Flux (LDHF), and Periodic Heat Flux (PHF) were considered on the corrugation wall. For the uniform heat flux condition, a constant heat flux of 1000 kW/m