Expectation effects in working memory training

认知训练 认知 任务(项目管理) 心理学 工作记忆 认知心理学 干预(咨询) 心理干预 培训(气象学) 工作记忆训练 机制(生物学) 控制(管理) 功能(生物学) 睡眠剥夺对认知功能的影响 探索性研究 人格 应用心理学 社会心理学 计算机科学 物理 神经科学 气象学 哲学 管理 认识论 精神科 人工智能 进化生物学 生物 人类学 社会学 经济
作者
Jocelyn Parong,Aaron R. Seitz,Susanne M. Jaeggi,C. Shawn Green
出处
期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [National Academy of Sciences]
卷期号:119 (37) 被引量:20
标识
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2209308119
摘要

There is a growing body of research focused on developing and evaluating behavioral training paradigms meant to induce enhancements in cognitive function. It has recently been proposed that one mechanism through which such performance gains could be induced involves participants’ expectations of improvement. However, no work to date has evaluated whether it is possible to cause changes in cognitive function in a long-term behavioral training study by manipulating expectations. In this study, positive or negative expectations about cognitive training were both explicitly and associatively induced before either a working memory training intervention or a control intervention. Consistent with previous work, a main effect of the training condition was found, with individuals trained on the working memory task showing larger gains in cognitive function than those trained on the control task. Interestingly, a main effect of expectation was also found, with individuals given positive expectations showing larger cognitive gains than those who were given negative expectations (regardless of training condition). No interaction effect between training and expectations was found. Exploratory analyses suggest that certain individual characteristics (e.g., personality, motivation) moderate the size of the expectation effect. These results highlight aspects of methodology that can inform future behavioral interventions and suggest that participant expectations could be capitalized on to maximize training outcomes.

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