渗透力
纳米孔
功率密度
纳米孔
浓差极化
膜
缓压渗透
渗透压
化学工程
离子
材料科学
化学
化学物理
分析化学(期刊)
纳米技术
热力学
功率(物理)
色谱法
有机化学
正渗透
生物化学
物理
工程类
反渗透
作者
Ding-Cheng Zheng,Jyh‐Ping Hsu
摘要
Salinity gradient power, which converts Gibbs free energy of mixing to electric energy through an ion-selective pore, has great potential. Towards practical use, developing membrane-scaled nanoporous materials is desirable and necessary. Unfortunately, the presence of a significant ion concentration polarization (ICP) lowers appreciably the power harvested, especially at a high pore density. To alleviate this problem, we suggest applying an extra pressure difference ΔP across a membrane containing multiple nanopores, taking account of the associated power consumption. The results gathered reveal that the application of a negative pressure difference can improve the power harvested due to the enhanced selectivity. In addition, if the pore density of a membrane is high, raising its pore length is necessary to make the energy harvested economic. For example, if the pore length is 2000 nm and the pore density is 2.5 × 109 pores per cm2, an increment in the power density of 213 mW m-2 can be obtained by applying ΔP = -1 bar at pH 11 and 323 K, where a net positive power density can be retrieved. The performance of the system considered under various conditions is examined in detail, along with associated mechanisms.
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