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Observation of Topological Transition in Floquet Non-Hermitian Skin Effects in Silicon Photonics

弗洛奎特理论 厄米矩阵 光子学 过渡(遗传学) 物理 拓扑(电路) 量子力学 凝聚态物理 光电子学 数学 化学 组合数学 生物化学 基因 非线性系统
作者
Zhiyuan Lin,Wange Song,Li-Wei Wang,Haoran Xin,Jiacheng Sun,Shengjie Wu,Chunyu Huang,Shining Zhu,Jian‐Hua Jiang,Tao Li
出处
期刊:Physical Review Letters [American Physical Society]
卷期号:133 (7)
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.133.073803
摘要

Non-Hermitian physics has greatly enriched our understanding of nonequilibrium phenomena and uncovered novel effects such as the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) that has profoundly revolutionized the field. NHSE has been predicted in systems with nonreciprocal couplings which, however, are challenging to realize in experiments. Without nonreciprocal couplings, the NHSE can also emerge in systems with coexisting gauge fields and loss or gain (e.g., in Floquet non-Hermitian systems). However, such Floquet NHSE remains largely unexplored in experiments. Here, we realize the Floquet NHSEs in periodically modulated optical waveguides integrated on a silicon photonic platform. By engineering the artificial gauge fields induced by the periodical modulation, we observe various Floquet NHSE phases and unveil their rich topological transitions. Remarkably, we discover the transitions between the unipolar NHSE phases and an unconventional bipolar NHSE phase, which is accompanied by the directional reversal of the NHSEs. The underlying physics is revealed by the band winding in complex quasienergy space which undergoes a topology change from isolated loops with the same winding to linked loops with opposite windings. Our work unfolds a new route toward Floquet NHSEs originating from the interplay between gauge fields and dissipation effects, and thus offers fundamentally new ways for steering light and other waves.
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