Enriching Wheat Bread With Banana Peel Powder: Impact on Nutritional Attributes, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity

This research investigated the impact of enriching bread with banana peel powder (BPP) on nutritional attributes, bioactive components, antioxidant activity, and sensory characteristics. Four bread samples were prepared and evaluated: S1 (control), S2 (5% BPP), S3 (7% BPP), and S4 (10% BPP). The addition of BPP resulted in a reduction in moisture content and an increase in ash, fat, protein, and fibre levels, while reducing overall carbohydrate content. Furthermore, BPP-enriched bread exhibited an increase in total phenolic content (TPC) (ranging from 28.46 to 42.38 mg GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (ranging from 6.63 to 9.46 QE mg/g), indicating enhanced antioxidant properties. The DPPH assay demonstrated the antioxidant potential of BPP-incorporated bread, with the radical scavenging activity (RSA) increasing from 18.84% to 53.03% with increasing BPP enrichment. Color assessment revealed changes in both crust and crumb, with a decrease from 78.46 to 40.53 in the lightness (