Polysaccharides from Tremella Fuciformis Enhance Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells Through Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway

Polysaccharides have gained substantial attention for their diverse biological activities. The present study was conucted to elucidate the effects and molecular mechanisms of Tremella fuciformis‐derived polysaccharides (PTP‐3a) on glucose and lipid metabolism in palmitic acid (PA) ‐ treated HepG2 cells. Multiple parameters were assessed following PTP‐3a treatment, including lipid accumulation, glycogen content, glucose consumption, and enzyme activities, including pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HK). Additionally, the expression levels of genes associated with glucose and lipid metabolism was evaluated using western blot analysis. PTP‐3a effectively inhibited lipid accumulation, promoted the glucose consumption, increased the amount of cellular glycogen, and enhanced PK and HK activities in PA‐treated cells. Furthermore, PTP‐3a induced a significant increase in the p‐AMPK/AMPK ratio and the expression level of PPARa, while decreasing the expression levels of SREBP, FAS, ACC, and SOCS3. In conclusion, these findings suggested that PTP‐3a exerted beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, resulting in the inhibition of lipogenesis, promotion of fatty acid oxidation, and enhancement of cellular glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. These findings hold clinical relevance and provide a foundation for potential treatments for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and and related metabolic disorders.