Macular Structure Characteristics in Unilateral Idiopathic Full-Thickness Macular Hole and the Healthy Fellow Eyes

Purpose: This study aims to investigate macular structure and foveal pit characteristics in unilateral full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) patients and healthy fellow eyes. Methods: Our retrospective investigation included patients with unilateral FTMH as the study group, and age- and sex-matched individuals without vitreomacular diseases as the control group, all from one medical center. FTMHs were categorized into those with epiretinal proliferation, those without epiretinal proliferation, or those lacking vitreomacular separation. Macular parameters including foveal base width (FBW), central foveolar thickness (CFT), central subfield thickness (CST), central subfield volume (CSV) and retinal artery trajectory (RAT) were measured via optical coherence tomography and fundus photography. Comparisons of these parameters were made among lesioned eyes, contralateral healthy eyes and normal controls, as well as among different subgroups. Results: 68 unilateral FTMH patients (39 women and 29 men) and 68 normal controls were enrolled. The fellow eyes of unilateral FTMH showed larger FBWs (446.8±98.2 µm) than controls (338.4±80.6 µm, P<0.001). The lesioned and fellow eyes of unilateral FMTH had smaller RAT values (0.19±0.06 and 0.14±0.04) than controls (0.37±0.14, P<0.001), indicating wider RAT in both groups. No significant macular structure parameter differences were observed among different FTMH subgroups. Females exhibited larger FBW, thinner CFT and CST, and wider RAT than the age-matched males (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with unilateral FTMH had a wider RAT in both the lesioned and healthy eyes, and a wider FBW in their healthy fellow eyes than in controls. Such macular structure characteristics may be prone to macular hole formation.