Cold sintering behaviors of barium titanates: Recent progress and impact on microstructure, densification and dielectric-ferroelectric response

Processing the electroceramics by cold sintering is an effective and emerging technique in recent research investigations. Among several existing approaches, this method has energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness advantages. BaTiO3 (BT) perovskites are currently receiving tremendous attention in electronic industries. This material is non-toxic, suitable, low-cost, and has excellent stability. This article recapitulates the in-depth review of the BaTiO3 with various elements by a cold sintering process. Considering microstructure and electrical properties, researchers feel cold-sintered BaTiO3 can provide a breakthrough in future electronic applications. The work also reviews the crystal structure of the barium titanate and the external processing parameters that influence synthesis conditions, element substitution, grain size, and density measurements to trigger further research into advanced perovskite materials. A thorough review is presented on the various investigations performed so far on microstructure dielectric-ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 by a cold sintering process. Furthermore, future research on these functional materials should be conducted in depth. We believe this article contains precious data that would assist future researchers in understanding the behavior of cold-sintered barium titanate better and help them develop more excellent materials for several industrial applications.