A review of spinel lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) as electrode material for advanced energy storage devices

With the increasing demand for light, small and high power rechargeable lithium ion batteries in the application of mobile phones, laptop computers, electric vehicles, electrochemical energy storage, and smart grids, the development of electrode materials with high-safety, high-power, long-life, low-cost, and environment benefit is in fast developing recently. The spinel lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 has attracted more and more attention as electrode materials applied in advanced energy storage devices due to its appealing features such as “zero-strain” structure characteristic, excellent cycle stability, low cost and high safety feature. The review focuses on recent studies on spinel lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) for the energy storage devices, especially on the structure the reversibility of electrode redox, as well as the synthesis methods and strategies for improvement in the electrochemical performances.