材料科学
发光
光子上转换
纳米技术
激发
纳米颗粒
兴奋剂
镧系元素
自体荧光
光电子学
光学
离子
荧光
化学
工程类
物理
有机化学
电气工程
作者
Kai Huang,Niagara Muhammad Idris,Yong Zhang
出处
期刊:Small
[Wiley]
日期:2015-12-17
卷期号:12 (7): 836-852
被引量:119
标识
DOI:10.1002/smll.201502722
摘要
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are an emerging class of luminescent materials that emit UV or visible light under near infra-red (NIR) excitations, thereby possessing a large anti-Stokes shift property. Due to their sharp excitation and emission bands, excellent photo- and chemical stability, low autofluorescence, and high tissue penetration depth of the NIR light used for excitation, UCNPs have surpassed conventional fluorophores in many bioapplications. A better understanding of the mechanism of upconversion, as well as the development of better approaches to preparing UCNPs, have provided more opportunities to explore their use for optical encoding, which has the potential for applications in multiplex detection and imaging. With the current ability to precisely control the microstructure and properties of UCNPs to produce particles of tunable emission, excitation, luminescence lifetime, and size, various strategies for optical encoding based on UCNPs can now be developed. These optical properties of UCNPs (such as emission and excitation wavelengths, ratiometric intensity, luminescence lifetime, and multicolor patterns), and the strategies employed to engineer these properties for optical encoding of UCNPs through homogeneous ion doping, heterogeneous structure fabrication and microbead encapsulation are reviewed. The challenges and potential solutions faced by UCNP optical encoding are also discussed.
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