Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)

Depression and AnxietyVolume 18, Issue 2 p. 76-82 Research ArticleFree Access Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) Kathryn M. Connor M.D., Corresponding Author Kathryn M. Connor M.D. [email protected] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North CarolinaBox 3812, DUMC, Durham, NC 27710Search for more papers by this authorJonathan R.T. Davidson M.D., Jonathan R.T. Davidson M.D. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author Kathryn M. Connor M.D., Corresponding Author Kathryn M. Connor M.D. [email protected] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North CarolinaBox 3812, DUMC, Durham, NC 27710Search for more papers by this authorJonathan R.T. Davidson M.D., Jonathan R.T. Davidson M.D. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 September 2003 https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113Citations: 4,728AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0–4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement. Depression and Anxiety 18:76–82, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. REFERENCES Alexander C. 1998. The Endurance: Shackleton's legendary antarctic expedition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Handbook of psychiatric measures. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Andrews W, Parker G, Barrett E. 1998. The SSRI antidepressants: exploring their “other” possible properties. J Affect Disorder 49: 141– 144. 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