Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Catalytic/Adsorption Applications

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are comprised of transition metal ions (Zn, Co) and a range of imidazolate linkers in a tetrahedral coordination similar to that in crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites. The high surface area, tunable nanoporosity that can be subject to functionalization and the excellent thermal/chemical stability of ZIFs are attractive for heterogeneous catalysis and selective gas adsorption/separation. This review presents the current trends in synthesis, surface modification and catalytic reactions/adsorption of ZIF-based materials with particular emphasis on ZIF-8, which is the most widely studied structure among ZIFs.