Recent advances in constructing heterojunctions of binary semiconductor photocatalysts for visible light responsive CO 2 reduction to energy efficient fuels: A review

International Journal of Energy ResearchVolume 46, Issue 5 p. 5523-5584 REVIEW PAPER Recent advances in constructing heterojunctions of binary semiconductor photocatalysts for visible light responsive CO2 reduction to energy efficient fuels: A review Abdullah Alhebshi, Abdullah Alhebshi Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorEbrahim Sharaf Aldeen, Ebrahim Sharaf Aldeen [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-5969-0582 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorRubiat Sadia Mim, Rubiat Sadia Mim orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-7788 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorBeenish Tahir, Beenish Tahir Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorMuhammad Tahir, Corresponding Author Muhammad Tahir [email protected] [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-5645 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates Correspondence Muhammad Tahir, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Abdullah Alhebshi, Abdullah Alhebshi Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorEbrahim Sharaf Aldeen, Ebrahim Sharaf Aldeen [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-5969-0582 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorRubiat Sadia Mim, Rubiat Sadia Mim orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-7788 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorBeenish Tahir, Beenish Tahir Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSearch for more papers by this authorMuhammad Tahir, Corresponding Author Muhammad Tahir [email protected] [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-5645 Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates Correspondence Muhammad Tahir, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 27 December 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7563 Funding information: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Grant/Award Number: 21H66 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Summary Photocatalysis of carbon dioxide by the assistance of solar energy has been one of the most promising approaches to reduce CO2 to renewable fuel. Several methods are pertained to enhance the photocatalytic activity for stimulating CO2 reduction to selective fuels. Even though many researchers have been exploring methods of assembling a suitable semiconductor, practical constraints such as charge carrier recombination and low light utilization limit the photocatalytic activity. In this review, recent advancement in semiconductors and their characteristics toward the photoreduction of CO2 has been comprehensively discussed. The major semiconductors that are discussed and analyzed based on their limitations in this review are TiO2, BiVO4, CdS, g-C3N4, ZnO, and MoS2-based composites. Initially, the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis such as the possible molecular pathways, product selectivity, and thermodynamics have been deliberated. Advancement in semiconductors in relation to quantum dots, heterojunction, and sacrificial reagent has been systematically analyzed. Doping and co-doping of semiconductors have proven to reduce the band gap notably and its outstanding electronic band position for the visible light photocatalysis has been identified. Furthermore, the developments of cocatalysts such as noble metals and nonmetals to stimulate photocatalysts performance in view of CO2 reduction to value-added products have been disclosed. Specific developments in binary semiconductors through Z-scheme, S-scheme, and ternary heterojunction for charge separation and their characterization has been thoroughly deliberated. In addition, the role of doping, structural defects, as well as sensitization in enhancing the light harvesting abilities of the photocatalyst has been discoursed. The developments in photocatalytic reactors with their characteristics and limitations are also assiduously discussed. Finally, conclusions and future directions for photocatalysis of carbon dioxide toward renewable fuel production have been suggested. Volume46, Issue5April 2022Pages 5523-5584 RelatedInformation