弹簧(装置)
高原(数学)
地形抬升
缩小
生态学
环境科学
地理
生物
气象学
计算机科学
数学
工程类
降水
机械工程
数学分析
程序设计语言
作者
Chunrong Mi,Xinhai Li,Falk Huettmann,Oleg Goroshko,Yumin Guo
标识
DOI:10.1111/1749-4877.12632
摘要
Tens of thousands of demoiselle cranes' crossing the Himalayas to the Indian subcontinent have been reported for decades, but their exact spring migration route remained a mystery until our previous study found they made a detour in spring along the western edge of the Himalayas and crossed the Mongolian Plateau to their breeding areas based on satellite telemetry of 3 birds. To corroborate the loop migration pattern and explore whether demoiselle crane's loop migration route is shaped by time- and energy-minimization strategies in spring and autumn and how the temporal and spatial variation of environmental conditions contribute to crane's selection of migration routes, we tracked 11 satellite-tagged demoiselle cranes from their breeding area in China and Russia, simulated 2 pseudo migration routes, and then compared the environmental conditions, time, and energy cost between true and pseudo routes in the same season. Results show that demoiselles' spring migration obeyed time-minimization hypothesis, avoiding the colder Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, benefited by abundant food and higher thermal and orographic uplift along the route; autumn migration follows energy-minimization hypothesis with the shorter route. Our research will contribute to uncover the mechanical reasons why demoiselle crane avoids crossing the giant barrier of the Himalayas in spring, and shapes a loop migration route.
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