Towards a new understanding of optical poling efficiency in multimode fibers

极化 多模光纤 光学 材料科学 光纤 纤维 二次谐波产生 梁(结构) 光子晶体光纤 非线性光学 单模光纤 光电子学 激光器 物理 电介质 复合材料 铁电性
作者
Maxime Jonard,Maggy Colas,Yann Leventoux,Tigran Mansuryan,Julie Cornette,Alessandro Tonello,S. Wabnitz,Mario Zitelli,Fabio Mangini,Mario Ferraaro,Yifan Sun,Sébastien Février,Jean‐René Duclère,Vincent Couderc,Claire Lefort
标识
DOI:10.1117/12.2621278
摘要

All-optical poling was demonstrated for the first time in 1986 in single mode fibers: such nonlinear optical process enabled the introduction of a second-order susceptibility (χ(2)) in a doped silica fiber. By simply using an intense laser source, alloptical poling, later theoretically described by Stolen and coworkers, permitted the generation of a second harmonic (SH) signal in an otherwise centrosymmetric doped material. More recently, similar experiments have been carried out by exploiting complex beam propagation in multimode fibers. In this work we reveal, for the first time to our knowledge, the 3D spatial distribution of a χ(2) nonlinearity written in a graded-index (GRIN) multimode (MM) fiber. In particular, the presence of a doubly-periodic distribution of χ(2) is unveiled by means of multiphoton microscopy. The shortest period (tens of micrometers) is due to the beating between the fundamental and the SH beams, and it is responsible for their quasi-phase matching (QPM). Whereas the longest period (hundreds of micrometers) is associated with the periodic evolution, or self-imaging, of the power density of the MM beam along the GRIN MM fiber. The complex modal beating, leading to spatial self-cleaning of the fundamental beam, is thus printed inside the fiber core, and revealed by our measurements. We considered two fibers of similar composition and opto-geometric parameters, and we compared the evolution of the optical poling process with time. Despite the rather similar fiber characteristics, we observed a striking difference in the poling efficiency between the two fibers. Such observation led us to point out the importance of considering the complete fiber fabrication process (both the preform elaboration and the drawing steps) on the final structure and microstructure of optical fibers.
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