lncRNA NEAT1 promotes hypoxia‐induced inflammation and fibrosis of alveolar epithelial cells via targeting miR‐29a/NFATc3 axis

Abstract The objective of the present study was to explore the function and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) progression. HPAEpic cells and A549 cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions to establish an in vitro model. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay, and inflammatory cytokine levels were detected by ELISA. Gene and protein expression levels were identified by qRT–PCR and Western blot assays, respectively. The interaction among NEAT1, miR‐29a, and NFATc3 was identified by dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays. In hypoxia‐treated cells, hypoxia markers (HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α), cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) and fibrotic markers (α‐SMA, collagen I and collagen III) were significantly enhanced. Consistently, the expression levels of NEAT1 and NFATc3 were increased, but miR‐29a was decreased in hypoxia‐stimulated cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 significantly decreased cell apoptosis and the releases of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 as well as reduced the levels of α‐SMA, collagen I, and collagen III. Moreover, NEAT1 positively regulated NFATc3 expression by directly targeting miR‐29a. Functional experiments showed that the anti‐apoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐fibrotic effects mediated by NETA1 silencing were impeded by miR‐29a inhibition or NFATc3 overexpression in hypoxia‐stimulated HPAEpic and A549 cells. Collectively, these data demonstrated that NEAT1 knockdown inhibited hypoxia‐induced cell apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by targeting the miR‐29a/NFATc3 axis in PF, suggesting that NEAT1 might be a potential therapeutic target for relieving PF progression.