Anti-histamine effects of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate on lung fibroblasts, implicating its therapeutic mechanism for pulmonary fibrosis

To examine the possible anti-histamine effects of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a dipotassium salt of glycyrrhizic acid, on histamine-mediated lung fibroblast activation, differentiation and proliferation; to investigate the potential and underlying mechanisms for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) treatment.Rat primary lung fibroblasts were extracted to establish cell models; histamine, DG and loratadine (LTD, a histamine receptor antagonist) were applied. Cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle were explored; intracellular signal proteins were detected; mitochondrial membrane potential was examined.The anti-histamine effects of DG were found in a similar pattern of LTD on lung fibroblasts. DG inhibited histamine-induced cell activation, proliferation and migration; DG altered histamine-mediated mitochondrial membrane potentials. DG reduced the histamine-induced PAR-2 (a tryptase receptor) expression to impair mast cell tryptase co-working. Histamine-induced expressions of MMP-2, FAK, TNF-α, P38, iNOS were decreased by DG, while Bax and caspase-3, P53 were increased by DG against histamine effects. Histamine drove cells from G0/G1 to S phases, whereas DG rested cells by inhibiting G0/G1 and G2/M phases.This study provided the evidences that DG can inhibit histamine-induced effects on lung fibroblasts and promote apoptosis of abnormally activated lung fibroblasts, implicating its potential therapeutic mechanisms against PF development, also for those histamine-related diseases.