Fabrication of ordered mesoporous POMs/SiO2–NH2 nanofibers for production of DFF from 5-HMF for cellulose wastewater resource recovery

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a biomass cellulose platform product that can be transformed into the valuable resource 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). Polyoxometalates (POMs) have important applications in resource recovery technologies and cellulose wastewater treatment. Ordered mesoporous H5PMo10V2O40/SiO2–NH2 (wt%) nanofibers (HPMoV/meso-SiO2-NH2 (wt%)) were synthesized by the combining in-situ fabrication and electrospinning techniques, using H5PMo10V2O40 (HPMoV) and organic-silica as precursors. Aiming the recovery and transformation of 5-HMF, aerobic oxidation of 5-HMF was explored using these nanofibers as catalysts, while the best yield of DFF (90.0%) was obtained upon HPMoV/meso-SiO2-NH2 (23%) nanofibers after 8 h at 120 °C using oxygen (1.0 MPa). The selectivity to DFF was improved by changing the hydrophilicity of the [email protected]2 nanofibers to hydrophobicity by modifying SiO2 nanofibers with –NH2R compared to mesoporous SiO2 nanofibers, which allowed the formed DFF to be isolated. In the recycling test, [email protected]2–NH2 showed good performance, and no leaching of active sites from SiO2–NH2 due to the interactions between them occurred after 10 cycles. The production of DFF from the real cellulosic wastewater was obtained with 118% yield based on 5-HMF conversion by HPMoV/meso-SiO2-NH2 (23) and oxygen, which was contributed to the one-pot conversion of sugar, furan and 5-HMF in the wastewater.