CTD公司
RNA聚合酶Ⅱ
抄写(语言学)
生物
C端
酿酒酵母
转录因子ⅡE
转录因子ⅡD
分子生物学
真核转录
细胞生物学
转录因子II F
核糖核酸
酵母
遗传学
基因
发起人
RNA聚合酶
基因表达
氨基酸
哲学
地质学
海洋学
语言学
作者
Marc Boehning,Claire Dugast‐Darzacq,M. Ranković,Anders S. Hansen,Taekyung Yu,Hervé Marie-Nelly,David T. McSwiggen,Goran Kokić,Gina M. Dailey,Patrick Cramer,Xavier Darzacq,Markus Zweckstetter
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41594-018-0112-y
摘要
The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II is an intrinsically disordered low-complexity region that is critical for pre-mRNA transcription and processing. The CTD consists of hepta-amino acid repeats varying in number from 52 in humans to 26 in yeast. Here we report that human and yeast CTDs undergo cooperative liquid phase separation, with the shorter yeast CTD forming less-stable droplets. In human cells, truncation of the CTD to the length of the yeast CTD decreases Pol II clustering and chromatin association, whereas CTD extension has the opposite effect. CTD droplets can incorporate intact Pol II and are dissolved by CTD phosphorylation with the transcription initiation factor IIH kinase CDK7. Together with published data, our results suggest that Pol II forms clusters or hubs at active genes through interactions between CTDs and with activators and that CTD phosphorylation liberates Pol II enzymes from hubs for promoter escape and transcription elongation.
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