Quantitatively optical and electrical-adjusting high-performance switch by graphene plasmonic perfect absorbers

Abstract Graphene nano-structures have been widely studied as means of creating resonant absorption and index tunability by graphene plasmons. However, only the relatively low modulation efficiency and qualitatively adjusting methods have been achieved. Here we demonstrate a graphene plasmonic perfect absorber (GPPA) platform, which can provide perfect absorption in the multispectral range. Moreover, artificially tunable absorption response for the GPPA can be achieved via the external stimuli by the polarization state of the illumination. Efficient quantitative modulation on the spectral absorption is achieved since it can be predicted by the Malus law. Importantly, near-perfect modulation depth of 99.9% (∼100%) and the ultra-high relatively modulation intensity (MI) up to 3590 are achieved for the graphene plasmon switch via an electrical-control treatment. Furthermore, the positions of the absorption peaks are with nearly perfect linear relationship to that of the Fermi energy for the GPPA, suggesting an interesting way to quantitatively shift the resonant absorption wavelength. These features confirm the simultaneous support of optical and electrical manipulation for the quantitatively artificial control on the resonant behaviors for the GPPA. The findings could pave new insights on the light modulators by the plasmonic graphene and hold potential applications on the artificially precise-adjusting switch and devices.