光伏
钙钛矿(结构)
光伏系统
卤化物
材料科学
纳米技术
工程物理
太阳能电池
能量转换效率
铅(地质)
光电子学
电气工程
化学
工程类
无机化学
化学工程
地质学
地貌学
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2018.12.038
摘要
Metal halide perovskite materials have revolutionized the solution-processed solar cells and become the vanguard of research focus with an unprecedented improvement of power conversion efficiencies up to 23.3%, which pose a remarkable challenge to thin film and multicrystalline silicon photovoltaics. Nevertheless, for conventional perovskite solar cells based on lead, it is ineluctable to take the toxicity of lead and the long-term stability of the devices into consideration when the deployment of this technology in mass production is put on the agenda. To tackle the toxicity concern, extensive research effort has been devoted to the development of environmentally friendly lead-free halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Herein, we review the advancements in this emerging research area and discuss potential alternative elements to replace lead within the halide perovskite lattice. Particular attention will be focused on the properties of the corresponding perovskites and the relevant production of high efficiency photovoltaic devices, with the aim of identifying the materials to be competitive with lead-based perovskites. For the moment, tin-based perovskites appear likely to be the most preeminent from the point view of power conversion efficiency, despite the stabilities of the materials and the related devices are far from satisfaction. The introductions of germanium, bismuth, antimony, and certain transitional metals into perovskites brought about promising optoelectronic properties as well. This booming class of compounds constitutes unexplored territory and emerges as an affordable and robust candidate for green solar technology.
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