近亲繁殖抑郁症
杂种优势
生物
遗传负荷
近亲繁殖
种群分化
有效人口规模
人口
突变率
遗传学
突变积累
人口规模
选择(遗传算法)
航程(航空)
群体遗传学
突变
进化生物学
遗传变异
人口学
基因
植物
社会学
人工智能
复合材料
材料科学
混合的
计算机科学
摘要
This paper examines the extent to which empirical estimates of inbreeding depression and interpopulation heterosis in subdivided populations, as well as the effects of local population size on mean fitness, can be explained in terms of current estimates of mutation rates, and the distribution of selection coefficients against deleterious mutations provided by population genomics data. Using population genetics models, numerical predictions of the genetic load, inbreeding depression and heterosis were obtained for a broad range of selection coefficients and mutation rates. The models allowed for the possibility of very high mutation rates per nucleotide site, as is sometimes observed for epiallelic mutations in plants. There was fairly good quantitative agreement between the theoretical predictions and empirical estimates of heterosis and the effects of population size on genetic load, on the assumption that the deleterious mutation rate per individual per generation is approximately one, but there was less good agreement for inbreeding depression. Weak selection, of the order of magnitude suggested by population genomic data, is required to explain the observed patterns. Possible caveats concerning the applicability of the models are discussed.
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