Antiepileptic drugs and their psychotropic effects.

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are still the main treatment for epilepsy. The first drugs such as the bromides, phenobarbital (PB), and related barbituates were all found to be anticonvulsant by chance. They also all carried to some extent the disadvantages of slowing thinking and motor behavior. Bromides are now seldom used and (PB) is only used when other drugs fail, although it is an important drug in the third world because of its low cost. Carbamazepine (CBZ), valproate (VPA), and phenytoin (PHT) are the current first-line AEDs. All of these drugs vary in the extent of their effect on mood. These drugs have also all been used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. CBZ has been used mainly as a mood normalizer and has had some success in treating hypermanic episodes. VPA has been used successfully in the treatment of cyclical psychoses, whereas PHT, although it had a vogue in the 1940s for the treatment of psychosis, is little used as a psychological treatment now.