催乳素瘤
雌激素
内科学
内分泌学
催乳素
背景(考古学)
生物
垂体瘤
催乳素细胞
激素
垂体腺瘤
腺瘤
垂体
医学
古生物学
作者
Branka Šošić‐Jurjević,Vladimir Ajdžanović,Dragana Miljić,Svetlana Trifunović,Branko Filipović,Sanja Stanković,Sergey Bolevich,Vladimir Jakovljević,Verica Milošević
摘要
Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male patients receiving estrogen, treatment does not necessarily result in pituitary hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia or adenoma development. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of estrogen action upon their application in male animal models comparing it with available data in human subjects. Sex-specific molecular targets of estrogen action in lactotropic (PRL) cells are highlighted in the context of their proliferative and secretory activity. In addition, putative effects of estradiol on the cellular/tumor microenvironment and the contribution of postnatal pituitary progenitor/stem cells and transdifferentiation processes to prolactinoma development have been analyzed. Finally, estrogen-induced morphological and hormone-secreting changes in pituitary thyrotropic (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells are discussed, as well as the putative role of the thyroid and/or glucocorticoid hormones in prolactinoma development, based on the current scarce literature.
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