Following the thread: Mytilus mussel byssus as an inspired multi-functional biomaterial

Over the last 15 years, the byssus of marine mussels (Mytilus spp.) has emerged as an important model system for the bio-inspired development and synthesis of advanced polymers and adhesives. But how did these seemingly inconsequential fibers that are routinely discarded in mussel hors d’oeuvres become the focus of intense international research. In the present review, we take a historical perspective to understand this phenomenon. Our purpose is not to review the sizeable literature of mussel-inspired materials, as there are numerous excellent reviews that cover this topic in great depth. Instead, we explore how the byssus became a magnet for bio-inspired materials science, with a focus on the specific breakthroughs in the understanding of composition, structure, function, and formation of the byssus achieved through fundamental scientific investigation. Extracted principles have led to bio-inspired design of novel materials with both biomedical and technical applications, including surgical adhesives, self-healing polymers, tunable hydrogels, and even actuated composites. Continued study into the byssus of Mytilid mussels and other species will provide a rich source of inspiration for years to come.