sp-carbon-enabled interface for high-performance graphite anode

The graphdiyne contained electron-rich sp-carbon atoms has shown great potential on interfacial protection material of battery electrodes. Our study demonstrates that in-plane all-carbon cavity of GDY is highly lithiophilic and helps to reduce the activation energy of the desolvation process at the solvated Li+ interface. The particular effect and atomic-level selectivity on cavities of GDY efficiently prevents the co-intercalation of solvent molecules in graphite, thus the interfacial parasitic reactions of electrolyte are avoided. An obvious advantage of the high-areal-density of in-plane cavities on graphdiyne forms a large number of stable transportation channels of Li+ that efficiently promotes the kinetic behavior of Li+ and interface charge transfer. Importantly, the GDY interface significantly improves the power performance and long-term stability of the graphite anode under such conditions of lean electrolyte ratio. As a material with outstanding potential and structural features, GDY demonstrates indispensable advantages in electrode interface protection.