The Association of Range of Motion, Dryland Strength–Power, Anthropometry, and Velocity in Elite Breaststroke Swimmers

Purpose : The ability of elite breaststroke swimmers to maximize average velocity maintained throughout a race is reportedly mediated by a number of range-of-motion, dryland strength–power, and anthropometric characteristics. The present study aimed to develop a physical profile and evaluate the relationship between dryland strength–power and stroke kinematic variables in elite breaststroke swimmers. Methods : A series of range-of-motion, dryland strength–power, and anthropometric measures were assessed in 11 elite-level breaststroke specialists and used to establish group-based averages and expected variance within an elite breaststroke population. Results : Analysis of the relationships between dryland strength–power parameters and breaststroke kinematics revealed strong associations ( r > .7, minimum 95% confidence range of g > 0.80 or < −0.80) most frequently at 100-m and maximal paces. From further analysis of these associations, a series of second-order models of best fit were calculated to describe the relationship between dryland strength–power parameters and propulsive velocity. Five models strongly described the relationship between countermovement jump height, mean pull-up velocity, and average propulsive velocity. Conclusions : These models can be used to assess propulsion effectiveness and act as a catalyst for technique evaluation. It is also recommended that strength and conditioning coaches consider the inclusion of explosive movements, such as countermovement jumps and maximal velocity pull-ups, in dryland training programs designed for sprint breaststroke swimmers.