Production of Indigo by Recombinant Escherichia coli with Expression of Monooxygenase, Tryptophanase, and Molecular Chaperone

Indigo is an important pigment widely used in industries of food, cosmetics, and textile. In this work, the styrene monooxygenase StyAB from Pseudomonas putida was co-expressed with the tryptophanase TnaA and the chaperone groES-groEL in Escherichia coli for indigo production. Over-expression of the gene styAB endowed the recombinant E. coli AB with the capacity of indigo biosynthesis from indole and tryptophan. Tryptophan fermentation in E. coli AB generated about five times more indigo than that from indole, and the maximum 530 mg/L of indigo was obtained from 1.2 mg/mL of tryptophan. The gene TnaA was then co-expressed with styAB, and the tryptophanase activity significantly increased in the recombinant E. coli ABT. However, TnaA expression led to a decrease in the activity of StyAB and indigo yield in E. coli ABT. Furthermore, the plasmid pGro7 harboring groES-groEL was introduced into E. coli AB, which obviously promoted the activity of StyAB and accelerated indigo biosynthesis in the recombinant E. coli ABP. In addition, the maximum yield of indigo was further increased to 550 mg/L from 1.2 mg/mL of tryptophan in E. coli ABP. The genetic manipulation strategy proposed in this work could provide new insights into construction of indigo biosynthesis cell factory for industrial production.