Mobilization of Specific Neuropeptides by Peripheral Stimulation of Identified Frequencies

Three families of endogenous opioid peptides have been characterized in the CNS: enkephalins, endorphins and dynorphins. These can be mobilized by peripheral electrical stimulation. Stimulation at 2 Hz may accelerate the release of enkephalins and Beta-endorphin, whereas 100 Hz is most effective in releasing dynorphin.