Clinical Pharmacology of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Review

药理学 医学 耐受性 消炎药 不利影响 药品 炎症 环氧合酶 解热药 临床药理学 止痛药 化学 内科学 生物化学
作者
S Bacchi,Paola Palumbo,A.M. Sponta,Maria Francesca Coppolino
出处
期刊:Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry [Bentham Science Publishers]
卷期号:11 (1): 52-64 被引量:379
标识
DOI:10.2174/187152312803476255
摘要

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of often chemically unrelated compounds with some common therapeutic actions and side effects. They have potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity, and are among the most widely used drugs worldwide. It is generally thought that one of their main mechanisms of action is the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase (COX), the enzyme responsible for biosynthesing the prostaglandins and thromboxane. NSAIDs are also associated with an increased risk of adverse gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular effects. This review describes the clinical pharmacology of NSAIDs, their classification, molecular mechanisms of action and adverse effects, including their possible contribution to neuro-inflammation and carcinogenesis, as well as some recent developments aimed at designing effective anti-inflammatory agents with improved safety and tolerability profiles. Keywords: NSAIDs, cyclo-oxygenases, prostanoids, adverse effects, cancer, neuro-inflammation, safe NSAIDs, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, selective COX-2 inhibitors , COXIBs, COX-1 , COX-2 , enzyme catalysis , cytoprotection, Hydrogen sulfide-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, Nitric oxide-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
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